[24] By 2003, the average bagel sold on a Manhattan coffee cart weighed around 6 ounces (170g).[15]. High-gluten flour gives the roll its spongy, chewy texture, which can be lightened by the addition of eggs, milk, and butter. For example, Yiddish derived daven 'pray' may become davening or davened, e.g. In tennis, a "bagel" refers to a player winning a set 6-0; winning a match 6-0, 6-0, 6-0 is called a "triple bagel.". Step 2: Strain solids and discard (use fine mesh with cheesecloth for a clear stock). [20] The bagel brunch consists of a bagel topped with lox, cream cheese, capers, tomato, and red onion. "Bagel" is also a Yeshivish term for sleeping 12 hours straighte.g., "I slept a bagel last night." There are various opinions as to the origins of this term. Examples include using shkoyakh for "thank you",[13] a contraction from the Hebrew .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} "Yishar Koach", which literally translates as "May your strength be firm" and is used to indicate to someone that they have done a good job, and Barukh HaShem (sometimes written as B"H, using the quotation mark used for abbreviations in Hebrew), meaning "Blessed is HaShem [The Name (of God)]". Bread with a hole, first boiled, then baked. "Among the most frequently heard complaints of New Yorkers who visit Israel is that 'you can't get a good bagel in Tel Aviv.'" One notable feature of Yeshivish is the frequency of occurrence of the phoneme [x], common in many words of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Yiddish origin. Place 4 bagels onto each lined baking sheet. Second, the term "in-Shabbos" is hardly a "very yeshivish connotation" or a yeshivish . They are often eaten for breakfast toasted and buttered. Their Generosity Ended Up Saving Jewish Lives, Why Harry S. Truman Recognized the State of Israel, When Arabian Jews and Muslims Lived in Peace, Portraits of Valor: Heroic Jewish Women You Should Know, Top Six Rules Every Mother-in-Law and Daughter-in-Law Should Follow. [36], A flat bagel, known as a 'flagel', can be found in a few locations in and around New York City, Long Island, and Toronto. Illegal selling of bagels by children was common and viewed as respectable, especially by orphans helping their widowed mothers, but if they were caught by a policeman they would be beaten and their baskets, bagels, and linen cover would be taken away. (The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey From Samarkand to New York, by Claudia Roden, Alfred A. Knopf, New York: 1996.). According to CNN, Brooklynites believe New York bagels are the best due to the quality of the local water. ", "SCS 020| Bread Classifications | Stella Culinary", "In Defense Of The Bread-Sliced Bagel, From A St. Louis Native", "Apparently People Slice Bagels Like Bread In St. Louis And Honestly? Bagels are a quintessential Jewish food. We've been borrowing liberally from other languagesFrench, Latin, and Italian to mention just a fewfor centuries. [1], "Yeshivish" may also refer to non-Hasidic Haredi Jews. There are many different kinds of -niks, a handy word ending which comes from the Yiddish suffix of the same spelling, and denotes a person who is connected to a group or a cause. This is because a bagel looks like the number zero, which is the points gained by incorrectly answering all of the questions. In exercising this power, painting and poetry have a choice of subject almost unlimited.Walter Pater (18391894). But along the way, something essential seems to have been lost: mass-produced bagels are far from the chewy, hand-created bagels of yore. First, the traditional YU scheduling on Shabbos is not yeshivish. [The Secret of the Ring with Sesames] stanbul: YKY, 2010: 45. Yeshivish ( Yiddish: ), also known as Yeshiva English, Yeshivisheh Shprach, or Yeshivisheh Reid, is a sociolect of English spoken by Yeshiva students and other Jews with a strong connection to the Orthodox Yeshiva world. BagelK created green tea, chocolate, maple-nut, and banana-nut flavors for the market in Japan. The fact that it begins with a kv is reason enough to want to add it to our language, but in addition to that there is no such thing as too many words for complaining. [30] According to Brooklyn Water Bagels CEO Steven Fassberg, the characteristics of a New York bagel are the result of the recipe formula and preparation method. Simit are also sold on the street in baskets or carts, like bagels were then. Sociolect of English spoken by Orthodox Jews in Yeshiva, This article is about sociolect of English. The history of bagels' development and soaring popularity gives a window to Jewish history and fortunes over the past 800 years. Merriam-Webster states (as do many other dictionaries) that the word is "perhaps from Yiddish glitsh,' a word that means 'slippery place. The Megillah is typically read out loud from a scroll in course of certain Jewish holidays. One moose, two moose. When the Jews left Eastern Europe in great masses for America, Canada and Europe, many sold bagels from pushcarts on the Lower East Side of Manhattan and in the East End of London. bagel, doughnut-shaped yeast-leavened roll that is characterized by a crisp, shiny crust and a dense interior. - Woody Allen, Mere Anarchy, 2007, For a long time before megillah was the word that was used to refer to an overlong story or convoluted production its primary meaning was a considerably different one. 39 comments. Familiarity with these terms develops and they are then re-applied to other situations. Because the king loved horses, this pastry was supposedly called a stirrup, or beugel in German. New Yorkers claim that their city has the best bagels in the world, although Montreal is also known for its delicious bagels. You Should earn points for Game Completes & every 1000gs of gamerscore!! [3], The term appears to be a portmanteau word of yeshiva and English, however, it may simply be formed from yeshiva + the adjectival suffix -ish. Strain the broth . Noted 17th-century traveler Evliya elebi wrote that there were 70 simit bakeries in Istanbul during the 1630s. [citation needed], In Quizbowl, a "bagel" refers to failing to correctly answer any part of a multi-part bonus question (i.e. The first known written reference to bagels is a testament to their ubiquity. Some Japanese bagels, such as those sold by BAGEL & BAGEL[ja], are soft and sweet; others, such as Einstein Bro. "Bagel" is also a Yeshivish term for sleeping 12 hours . [2] It is traditionally shaped by hand into a roughly hand-sized ring from yeasted wheat dough that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked. but mo considers itself a movement, so whoever. [3] With a dough hydration of around 50-57%, bagel dough is among the stiffest bread doughs. Corrections? crust and a dense interior. Yiddish and its Yeshivish sociolect is still spoken in religious Yiddish . For instance, the plural of yeshiva is yeshivas rather than yeshivois as in Ashkenazi Hebrew (although this is similar to the plural form in Yiddish). In the old days, they were supposed to be a protection against demons and evil spirits, warding off the evil eye and bringing good luck. A distinguishing feature of Yeshivish is that its speakers knowingly apply highly technical and literal written language to a colloquial language and in common day usage, similar to Modern Hebrew, for example: He was goirem Asach nezek, but basoif was moideh b'miktzas and tayned he was shoigeg. "Fannie Mae was a zaftig and handsome young woman. Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweetening. Its dough is boiled, then baked, and the result should be a rich caramel color; it. Cook the bagels for 1 minute on each side. So traditionally speaking, the proper pronunciation would be "bye-gel." : a clumsy person, The story of klutz is a classic immigrant's tale. "The turgidity of Clifford's presentation makes it sadistic to dwell on the analysis, but one must, one absolutely must, since such chutzpah requires recognition." Hebrew nouns ending in -us are pluralized with the suffix -in rather than replacing -us with -uyois as in Ashkenazi Hebrew, e.g. This is sometimes known as "Yeshivish," coming from the word "yeshiva," generally referring to the schools for the organized study of Jewish holy texts. Yeshivish (Yiddish: ), also known as Yeshiva English, Yeshivisheh Shprach, or Yeshivisheh Reid, is a sociolect of English spoken by Yeshiva students and other Jews with a strong connection to the Orthodox Yeshiva world. They are placed in salted boiling water before being baked. It may be a reference to the fact that bagel dough has to "rest" for at least 12 hours between mixing and baking, or simply to the fact that the hour hand on a clock traces a bagel shape over the course of twelve hours. [43] Based on skdar court records (eriyye Sicili) dated 1593,[44] the weight and price of simit was standardized for the first time. Actually, I bageled her once myself. [19], Around 1900, the "bagel brunch" became popular in New York City. In modern mass production, the rings are machine-made, and steaming may be substituted for boiling. What the hell is so big about shrimp?" Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! bagels sold by Costco in Japan, are the same as in the U.S.[citation needed], Bagels in the U.S. have increased in size over time. A widely repeated legend traces the origin of the bagel itself to Vienna in 1683, when John III Sobieski, king of Poland, successfully defended the city from a Turkish invasion. Yeshivish, like the more secular Jewish. In the early Middle Ages, a form of round bread became popular among German migrants to Poland, similar to the classic German pretzel. In modern mass production, the rings are machine-made, and steaming may be substituted for boiling. The second, more comprehensive work is Frumspeak: The First Dictionary of Yeshivish by Chaim Weiser. Yeshivish is primarily a male-spoken dialect. may be used as praise markers. When my family first moved to Larchmont, N.Y., in 1946, my father had a feeling that the neighbors living behind us were Jewish. Ancient Egyptian bagels. This was a bagel topped with lox, cream cheese, capers, tomato and red onion. Hawkers had to have a license. Why eat your fried egg on a bagel when you can have an egg in your bagel? My Jewish Learning is a not-for-profit and relies on your help. [7] Bagel-like bread known as obwarzanek was common earlier in Poland as seen in royal family accounts from 1394. A widely repeated legend traces its history to Vienna in 1683, when John III Sobieski, king of Poland, successfully defended the city from a Turkish invasion. This is the oldest slang use of "to bagel" attested to, and it may have originated with the old stadium scoreboards on . Pretzels, especially the large soft ones, are similar to bagels, the main exceptions being the shape and the alkaline water bath that makes the surface dark and glossy. Day 1. Starting at around 2 ounces (57g),[24] by 1915, the average bagel weighed 3 ounces (85g);[15] the size began to increase further in the 1960s. One plain medium-sized bagel - about 100 grams - has about 271 calories, in addition to the following: 9 grams of protein . To save this word, you'll need to log in. Because lox is such an expensive item, Claudia Roden writes in The Book of Jewish Food, there is no evidence that the Jews of Eastern Europe ate it in the shtetls. A local baker, wishing to commemorate the victory of this accomplished horseman, fashioned his bread in the shape of a stirrup (the present-day German word for which is Bgel). The schlemiel however, tends to have an air of incompetence surrounding their misfortune, whereas the schlimazel is simply unfortunate. The origin of the bagel is not known, but it seems to have its roots in central Europe. [13] Similarly, another etymology in the Webster's New World College Dictionary says that the Middle High German form was derived from the Austrian German beugel, a kind of croissant, and was similar to the German bgel, a stirrup or ring. Bring water to a boil, then reduce heat to medium-high. 2011 January 30, Piers Newbery, "Australian Open: Djokovic too good for Murray in final", in BBC [1]: The Scot, who had been close to a two-set deficit in his . The similar-sounding English preposition by has come to encompass these meanings. In the 16th and first half of the 17th centuries, the bajgiel became a staple of Polish cuisine and a staple of the Slavicdiet generally. [4], Only a few serious studies have been written about Yeshivish. This page provides all possible translations of the word yeshivish in almost any language. It is thought to have come (no one is entirely certain) from a modification of the Yiddish phrase arumfartsn zikh, the literal translation of which is 'to fart around. Thereafter, the bagels need never be removed from their pans as they are refrigerated and then steam-baked. ", "For onlookers like ours, a portrait is an event requiring the courage to decide which of us to choose, and a certain daring even to submit to a 20-minute sitting, surrounded by all the public kibbitzers who comment on the process, whether this person's nose is really wider than i s been shown, or taking note of a wattle that's been brushed away. [39], The AIB reported US$626.9 million fresh bagel US supermarket sales (excluding Wal-Mart) for the 52 weeks ending 11 April 2012. A schedule that consists of a tisch, parsha shiur and sicha at shaleshudes are traditional to all yeshivos, from Yeshivish to Modern. yeshivish Russian. Pumpernickel Bagels. There are a couple of ironies in this statement. There is a higher incidence of Yeshivish being spoken amongst Orthodox Jews that are regularly involved in Torah study, or belong to a community that promotes its study. For example: There are a number of phrasal verbs calqued from Yiddish, for instance bring down and tell over 'recount, retell (a story)'. The Power-Mad Utopians. Her latest bookPortraits of Valor: Heroic Jewish Women You Should Knowdescribes the lives of 40 remarkable women who inhabited different eras and lands, giving a sense of the vast diversity of Jewish experience. Traditionally first boiled and then baked, this unusual cooking method gives bagels a chewy outer texture, and a distinctive, delicious soft dough within. On Brick Lane in east London, there are two long-established bagel shops in which the item is spelled beigel, with pronunciation (bygl) to match. Bagels are a quintessential Jewish food. They are available in several different varieties (sweet or savoury) in supermarkets. In Japan, the first kosher bagels were brought by BagelK (K) from New York in 1989. Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweetening. [citation needed], The Uyghurs of Xinjiang, China enjoy girdeh nan (from Persian, meaning round bread), a type of nan, the local bread. [46] Warwick Goble made an illustration of the simit sellers of Istanbul in 1906. Unlike the bagel, it is not boiled prior to baking. [9] There is some evidence that the bagel may have been made in Germany before being made in Poland. New York is said to make the best, supposedly because of the mineral content of their water. At the same time, Jews were migrating to Poland too, often from German lands. Accounts from the royal court in Poland dating to the 14th century mention obwarzanek, a ring-shaped, boiled, bagel-like bread. The crusty ringshaped bagel the word means "bracelet" in German which was the everyday bread of the Jews in Eastern Europe, has become the most famous Jewish food in America and a standard American bread. (Often used interchangeably with the terms 'greasy'; greaseball'; 'moldy'; krotzed-out; shtark (usually in a derogitory way)) Omg that guy is so Yeshivish by dsyg1 April 27, 2021 Today the average bagel is about 6 inches wide and about 350 calories. Bagels are sold by many food store chains such as Tesco, Morrisons and others. Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweetening. '", "United Airlines Resumes Flights Delayed by Computer Glitch." Traditional bagels were made with very high protein, spring wheat flour. Long regarded as a Jewish specialty item, the bagel is commonly eaten as a breakfast food or snack, often with toppings such as cream cheese and lox (smoked salmon ). One goose, two geese. in which people celebrate the rich history of getting together and eating bagels. They are different from doughnuts because they are boiled before baked. Jewish bakers made round-shaped pastries like obwarzanek, but boiled them instead of baking the bread, calling them bagels. Seeds and spices may be added before baking; bagels also are made with flavourings, vegetables, nuts, or fruits mixed into the dough. Schnorrer comes to English from the Yiddish word shnoren (meaning "to beg"). Traditionally or modern, a glaze of egg yolk or milk applied before baking produces a shiny crust. Traditionally it has to be torn apart by two individuals before eating. They were often displayed in the windows of bakeries on vertical wooden dowels, up to a metre in length, on racks. [10] Though Kaye (1991) would exclude English speakers in the context of a Yeshiva, studying the Talmud, from code-switching where he considers the terms "Yiddish English" or "Yiddishized English" ("= Yinglish") may be more appropriate.[11]. (Published 2003)", "Murray Lender, Who Gave All America a Taste of Bagels, Dies at 81", "Murray Lender, the man who brought bagels to the masses", "Why have bagels become so big and bready? [31] Generally, the bagels are sliced into eight pieces using a bread slicer, which produces characteristically precise cuts (the bagel is not torn or crushed while slicing). /t/ may be released when in general American it would be flapped or unreleased. Delivered to your inbox! This bread is traditionally made with coarsely ground rye and sourdough starter. Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 21:02, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "A Short History of the Bagel: From ancient Egypt to Lender's", "Bagel History: Bagels date back to the 1600s", "Was Life Better When Bagels Were Smaller? English takes on new words all the time. That's not a Schlemiel, exclaims D. B. Bagels, like many other foods that I have writen about, come in many different kinds and are served in many different ways. Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crusttraditional choices include poppy and sesame seedsor with salt grains. Add the water and place the pot over medium-high heat. 2) a sexual euphemism.. Dude! The literal meaning is 'the rendered fat of poultry,' a substance that is much in use in traditional Jewish cooking. Nice." Basoif means "eventually" (more precisely, "at the end"). [32] This style of bagel was popularized by the St. Louis Bread Company, now known as Panera Bread. In 1264, the Polish Prince Boleslaw the Pious declared that Jews may freely buy and sell and touch bread just like Christians. It was a momentous announcement, but Church officials quickly moved to limit the Jews new right, forbidding Christians from buying Jewish bread, and telling congregants that Jewish-made bread was poisoned. For these reasons, they were served at circumcisions and when a woman was in labor and also at funerals, along with hardboiled eggs. Some verbs, particularly those of Hebrew origin, are often treated as participles, and inflected by English auxiliary verbs, in the same way that periphrastic verbs are constructed in Yiddish. The other day, Tech Insider posted a video about the best way to cut a bagel. Intrigued, yet skeptical of 2002-2023 My Jewish Learning. The worlds largest bagel weighed 393.7 kg (868 lb) and was made by Brueggers Bagels (USA) and displayed at the New York state fair, Geddes, New York, USA on 27 August 2004. The first is a master's thesis by Steven Ray Goldfarb (University of Texas at El Paso, 1979) called "A Sampling of Lexical Items in Yeshiva English." Yiddish beygl, from Middle High German *bugel ring, from bouc ring, from Old High German; akin to Old English bag ring, bgan to bend more at bow, Our little list is not the whole 'megillah'. 'ripping/tearing the beigl') at Easter where two people pull on opposite ends of a beigl until it breaks into two pieces. It comes from the Yiddish word zaftik, meaning 'juicy or succulent.' In 1951, when it was covering a strike by the citys bagel bakers, The New York Times felt the need to explain to readers what the pastry in question was: a glazed surfaced roll with the firm white dough.. A hesitation click is used, borrowed from Israeli Hebrew: Yeshivish has some unique interjections. The history of bagels development and soaring popularity gives a window to Jewish history and fortunes over the past 800 years. In Austria, beigl (often also spelled beigerl or beugerl in its diminutive form) are a traditional Lenten food. How every letter can be (annoyingly) silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead. Documents in Turkish History 2] (Kasm 1967): 56, nsal, Artun. - W. Cothran Campbell, Memoirs of a Longshot, 2007, Futz is a word that has the sort of etymology that will make small children think that studying language is an enjoyable pursuit. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. - Ray Jones, Great American Stuff: A Celebration of People, Places, and Products that Make Us Happy to Live in America, 1997. : a person connected to an activity, an organization, a movement, etc. However, the Beugel is crispy and can be stored for weeks. yeshivish. The formerly chewy morsel that once had to be separated from the rest of its ring by a sharp jerk of the eaters head is now devoid of character half-baked, seeking to be all pastry to all men. Like American Jews who sought to seek their distinctive Jewishness behind, todays mushy, mass-produced bagels have lost what made them special. bagel, doughnut-shaped yeast -leavened roll that is characterized by a crisp, shiny crust and a dense interior. Using a pastry brush, brush the egg wash on top and around the sides of each bagel. Mix the yeast with 1 teaspoon of the warmed maple syrup, and a tablespoon of lukewarm water. [citation needed], Bagels can be frozen for up to six months. Feeling 'bumfuzzled' or have the 'collywobbles'? [35], While normally and traditionally made of yeasted wheat, in the late 20th century variations on the bagel flourished. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior. It is widely speculated (at least by those who do such speculation) that the Yiddish word is descended from the Middle High German word bugel, which is from another German word for ring or bracelet. Translations for. In Turkey, a salty and fattier form is called ama. Depending on the region, they are sometimes baked to a very hard consistency, making them relatively brittle. boiling each bagel in water that may contain additives such as lye, baking soda, barley malt syrup, or honey baking at between 175 C and 315 C (about 350-600 F) It is this unusual production method which is said to give bagels their distinctive taste, chewy texture, and shiny appearance. Traditionally first boiled and then baked, this unusual cooking method gives bagels a chewy outer texture, and a distinctive, delicious soft dough within. Bagels remained a Jewish staple in Poland for generations. [31] The slices range from 3 to 6mm (0.12 to 0.24in) thick. Instead of boiling then baking the dough, todays convenience bagels are steam baked: a process by which a little water is added to commercial ovens to produce a moister product. Most of these have been in English for far longer than kvetch (which dates to around 1952 and comes from kvetshn, meaning to squeeze or pinch), so why do we need another? ', "But, as he got closer, I noticed he looked pretty sober, like there was more on his mind than just futzing around shooting the bull and getting in everybodys way." The New York Times (headline), 8 July 2015, 1 :sentimental or florid music or art 2 : sentimentality. The comedian Jerry Seinfeld, unburdened by lexicographic rules, defined schnorrer as someone who picks the cashews out of the mixed nuts. We generally avoid using food-based analogies in our definitions, and so have adopted the wording seen above. ', "Incidentally, the kid used all our equipment, fiddling like the klutz he is with a brand-new Panavision camera, which now when I press the button makes a sound like when you turn slowly the wood handle on those tin party noisemakers Elsie calls groggers." The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? It's been praised as inspirational, fascinating, fun and educational. The American History of Bagels and Lox. Some Yiddishisms present in Yeshivish Hebrew are not distinct to the Yeshivish dialect and can be found in mainstream Modern Hebrew as well. In many sentences, however, the grammatical and lexical features of the speaker's native language are slight and sometimes even lacking altogether. This production method gives bagels their distinctive taste, chewy texture, and shiny appearance. [31] The St. Louis style bagels are sliced vertically multiple times, instead of the traditional single horizontal slice. [26] In commercial bagel production, the steam bagel process requires less labor, since bagels need only be directly handled once, at the shaping stage. Um hate to tell you all this, but calling . In the latter case the term has ambivalent (both positive and negative) connotations comparable to these of the term "academic". The bagel - definition. ( tennis, slang) A score of 6-0 in a set (after the shape of a bagel, which looks like a zero). The crusty ringshaped bagel the word means bracelet in German which was the everyday bread of the Jews in Eastern Europe, has become the most famous Jewish food in America and a standard American bread. Commonly used platitudes amongst Orthodox Jews are frequently expressed with their Yeshivish equivalent. The boiling and baking process actually means that bagels stay fresher longer, which for poor Jews, was really important. As Jews immigrated from Europe to North America, many settled in Toronto and Montreal, Canada, which created their own style of bagels distinct from the New York style. Archival sources show that the simit has been produced in Istanbul since 1525. " Cynthia Ozick, The American Scholar (Washington, DC), Autumn 2019, : a beggar; especially, one who wheedles others into supplying his or her wants. [25] Most bagel recipes call for the addition of a sweetener to the dough, often barley malt (syrup or crystals), honey, high fructose corn syrup, or sugar, with or without eggs, milk or butter. The ring-shaped simit is sometimes marketed as a Turkish bagel, and is very similar to the twisted sesame-sprinkled bagels pictured being sold in early 20th century Poland. The Yeshivish accent has similarities to various accents of Eastern European and New York backgrounds. There are a number of differences between the use of prepositions in Yeshivish and standard English: The preposition by has a wide array of meanings in Yeshivish: A possible cause for this is that the Yiddish preposition "bei" is defined as at, beside or by. [5] Baumel (2006) following Weiser notes that Yeshivish differs from English primarily in phonemic structure, lexical meaning, and syntax. [12], Variants of the word beugal are used in Yiddish and in Austrian German to refer to a similar form of sweet-filled pastry; Mohnbeugel, a pastry filled with poppy seeds, and Nussbeugel, a pastry filled with ground nuts. In Medieval Europe, Church officials and local nobles often forbade Jews from baking bread at all, which the Church viewed as a holy food and thus too good to allow Jews to enjoy. For years, bagels remained a niche delicacy, little known outside the Jewish community. It comes to English from the Yiddish word megile, which is itself from the Hebrew mgillh, meaning 'scroll.
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